« La Main Rouge » ni izina ry’umutwe witwaje intwaro w’ibanga w’Abafaransa , wagabye ibitero byinshi mu Burayi no muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru mu myaka ya za 1950, mu gihe cy’abakoloni.
Uyu mutwe bivugwa ko wari “itsinda ry’urupfu” ndetse bamwe bafata nk’umutwe w’iterabwoba, wakomotse ku matsinda mato yashingiwe muri Tunisia mu 1952 kandi ugizwe n’abazungu n’abapolisi bari biteguye gukora ibishoboka byose ngo babuze ubwigenge bw’ibihugu byakolonizwaga n’u Bufaransa.
Iri zina ryakoreshejwe vuba n’inzego z’ibanga z’u Bufaransa nk’agakingirizo k’Urwego rw’ubutasi bwo hanze y’igihugu no kurwanya ubutasi rw’u Bufaransa, SDECE (Service de documentation exterieure et de contre-espionnage) mu bikorwa byarwo byo guhungabanya umutekano, kwica abantu n’ibitero bitandukanye bigamije kurwanya ubwigenge muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru.
Ibikorwa bya SDECE muri Tunisia mu 1954 byahishuwe ubwo hafungurwaga inyandiko z’ibanga z’ibikorwa by’u Bufaransa muri Afurika nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida Francois Hollande.
Ibikorwa byayo byabanje kwibasira impirimbanyi z’ubwigenge muri Maroc, Algeria na Tunisia, by’umwihariko muri Maroc kuva mu 1952. Nyuma, yibasiye umuturage uwo ari we wese w’umunyamahanga cyangwa Abafaransa bari babangamiye ibikorwa by’u Bufaransa mu gihe cy’intambara ya Algeria. Kuva mu 1956, ibitero byayo byibasiye kandi abacuruza intwaro bakekwaho kuzigurisha ku mutwe waharaniye ubwigenge bwa Algeria, FLN (Front de liberation nationale algerien). Igikorwa cyahagaritswe mu mpera za 1962, nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Algeria.
Inkomoko n’ishingwa
Kubera ko u Bufaransa butari bwarafunguye ububiko bw’inyandiko z’ibanga zijyanye n’iki gihe, habanje gusuzumwa amasoko atandukanye. Icyakora, abakozi benshi n’abayobozi ba serivisi z’ubutasi batanze ubuhamya, guhera mu myaka ya za 2010, mu nyandiko nyinshi, harimo na documentaire ya David Korn-Brzoza, yiswe « Amateka y’inzego z’ibanga z’u Bufaransa », ndetse no mu gitabo cyanditswe n’umunyamakuru w’inkuru zicukumbuye, Vincent Nouzille, yise « Abicanyi ba Repubulika », bishingiye ku buhamya bw’abakoreye ubutasi bw’u Bufaransa.
Byongeye kandi, iperereza ryimbitse ryerekanye ko « La Main rouge » yari “igizwe n’abakozi ba SDECE” , usibye kuba “agakingirizo ka SDECE” kandi “yakoreshwaga na Leta y’u Bufaransa, mu bitero byibasiye abantu bakomeye muri Tunisia ”. Yakoreshejwe na SDECE "mu bikorwa itashoboraga kwemera" kuko yagombaga "gukorera hanze yigihugu gusa", mu gihe urwego rwa DST (Direction de la surveillance du territoire)rwakoreraga imbere mu gihugu.
Intangiriro y’ibikorwa
Mu mateka y’ibanga ya Repubulika ya gatanu, Roger Faligot na Jean Guisnel bavuga ko « La Main rouge » yari “imashini yo kwica y’inzego z’ibanga z’u Bufaransa”. Nk’uko aba banditsi babitangaza, uburenganzira bwo gukora bw’uyu mutwe bwatanzwe na guverinoma y’abasosiyalisiti ya Guy Mollet wari ukuriye inama y’abaminisitiri kuva muri Gashyantare 1956 kugeza muri Kamena 1957.
Imikorere
Biyobowe kuva mu 1958 n’umujyanama wihariye wa Gen. de Gaulle, Jacques Foccart, wavuganaga na Minisitiri w’intebe, Michel Debre, Gen. Paul Grossin, umuyobozi wa SDECE, na Colonel Robert Roussillat wari ukuriye ishami rishinzwe operations, (zigamije gusenya intwaro) mbere y’uko zishyikirizwa FLN) na Homo (kubwicanyi) ntibasigaga ibimenyetso inyuma.
Gusa, muri 2017, hagaragaye inyandiko yo ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 1958 yashyizweho umukono yabonetse mu bubiko bwa Jacques Foccart yohererejwe n’ishami rishinzwe ibikorwa ku mujyanama mu bya tekinike wa General de Gaulle, igaragaza imikorere ya La Main Rouge.
Ibikorwa byo kugoreka amakuru
Kugoreka amakuru ku miterere ya « La Main rouge » byongerewe imbaraga no kwatura kudasanzwe kwatanzwe ku itariki ya 27 Ugushyingo 1959, mu kinyamakuru Daily Mail cyo mu Bwongereza mu nkuru yanditswe na Christian Durieux, aho uwigaragazaga nk’umwarimu ukiri muto wavugaga ko ari umwe mu bayobozi ba « La Main rouge ». Ikiganiro yatanze cyahererekanyijwe mu binyamakuru byinshi, harimo icyo mu Budage, Der Spiegel. Ariko, Durieux mu by’ukuri yari umunyamakuru ukorera SDECE.
Igitabo cyasohowe mu 1960 n’umwanditsi w’inkuru z’ubutasi (romancier d’espionnage), Pierre Genève, kigaragaza izamuka rya « La Main rouge », mu buryo bw’ikiganiro kirekire n’umwe mu bayobozi bayo, asobanura ishingiro ry’ibikorwa byayo. Nk’uko iperereza ryakozwe n’umunyamakuru w’inkuru zicukumbuye, Vincent Nouzille, ngo mu by’ukuri, ibintu byose “byahimbwe n’inzobere mu icengezamatwara za SDECE”. Umuyobozi w’ikigo rukumbi cyasohoye iki gitabo, yari umukozi mu rwego rw’iperereza mu Bufaransa witwa Jacques Latour.
Bob Maloubier, wahoze ari umurwanyi wagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho rya serivisi y’ibikorwa, avuga ko “Igihe cyose habaga ikintu, twaravugaga tuti: ni « La Main rouge »! Kandi La Main rouge ntiyabagaho rwose! byarengeraga serivisi ”.
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