Muri kino gihe, si abantu benshi bafite ubumenyi buhagije ku moko n’ibiranga ubutegetsi bwa politiki (types and characteristics of political regimes). Ni yo mpamvu bwiza.com yiyemeje kubiva imuzi, n’ubwo atari byose, kugira ngo igaragaze bimwe mu bintu byatuma umusomyi agira igitekerezo kuri iyo ngingo ya politiki.
Mbere ya byose, ni byiza kubanza kumenya icyo politiki ivuze mbere yo kuvuga ku mitegekere nk’uburyo butuma cyangwa bufasha kuyishyira mu bikorwa. Ujya kumva umuntu yihanukiriye ati njye nanga politiki. Abahanga bo bakemeza ko wayanga utayanga, byanze bikunze ugira aho uhurira nayo. Ahubwo abantu bayikora batabizi noneho hakabaho kuyitiranya.
Abo bakeka ko kuyikora ugomba kuba warayize, uri umutegetsi mu rwego runaka ahantu. Oya, siko biri kuko ugendeye ku bisobanuro byibanze bya politiki, ishaka kuvuga uburyo bwo kuyobora abantu, ugamije kubageza ku ntego runaka yatuma babasha kubaho batekanye, bunze ubumwe, bafite amahoro kandi bakora ibibafitiye umumaro byabateza imbere. Ugendeye kuri ibyo bosobanuro, usanga ntaho wahungira politiki.
Umukuru w’umuryango awuyobora mu nzira nziza, ashaka ko ukora kugira ngo uhindure imibereho yawo, witeza imbere muri byose. Ibyo ni politiki. Umuyobozi w’idini runaka agahamagarira abayoboke be gukora no guharanira ijuru nk’intego yatuma babona ubugingo buhoraho. Ibyo nabyo ni politiki. Umuntu agashinga ishyaka rya politiki agashaka, abayoboke agamije kugera ku butegetsi no kugira ibyo ahindura bifasha mu iterambere ry’umuturage n’imibereho myiza. Ibyo nabyo bikaba politiki.
Izo ngero nkeya zitanzwe hejuru zishobora gutuma politiki ubwayo yumvikana. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ni ukumenya ko umunyapolitiki ari we koko kuko si ko abashaka gukora uwo mwuga bose baba babifitiye ibisabwa. Politiki isaba kugira ubumenyi muri yo kuko atari ikintu watoragura mu muhanda nk’uko umuganga atabaga umurwayi atabifitiye ubumenyi buhagije.
Bisaba rero kubyigira, kubyitoza, kwigira ku bandi babifitiye ubumenyi n’uburambe n’ibindi, hamwe utabyuka mu gitondo ngo wirohe muri politiki kuko uvuka mu muryango w’abanyapolitiki, kuko ufite amafaranga, kuko ushaka kwigana abakora politiki n’ibindi n’ibindi. Ibyo byaba ari uguhubuka kandi muri politiki, iyo uhubutse hangirika byinshi kuko ushobora kuroha no kuyobya imbaga y’abaturage, ukaba wabashyira mu kaga.
Nyuma y’ibyo bisobanuro, ni byiza kumenya umuryango w’abantu utabaho udafite abawuyobora kuko ari abantu ari n’abayobozi biri mu bigize Leta, nyuma y’ubutaka batuyeho. Leta igirwa n’ibintu bitatu ari byo: abaturage, ubutaka batuyeho, n’ubutegetsi bubayobora. Iyo niyo leta iba yuzuye. Iyo haburamo kimwe cyangwa bibiri, iyo leta yitwa leta iriho ariko itariho, ijegajega cyangwa iri mu bibazo (Etat sans état).
Bene iyo leta iba ikeneye kwisanga cyangwa gusubira ku murongo kuko ntaho iba iganisha abaturage. Mu bihugu byateye imbere ho iyo ibintu byanze, abayobozi baribwiriza bakarekura ubutegetsi kuko biba byabananiye. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere ho si kenshi bikunze kugenda bityo kubera imiterere y’ubutegetsi tugarukaho mu kanya. Muri ibyo bihugu mvuze nyuma, cyane muri Afurika ariko n’ahandi hirya yaho abayobozi batsimbaraye ku butegetsi kandi bakabyubakira ku mategeko y’ibihugu byabo harimo n’Itegekonshinga.
Ni muri urwo rwego tugiye kugaruka ku butegetsi bumwe na bumwe n’ibiburanga kugira ngo byumvikane neza.
Mu mateka ya politiki y’imiyoborere y’ibihugu ku Isi, ubutegetsi bwose bwagiye burangwa n’uburyo bubiri: ubutegetsi bwa cyami (monarchy) n’ubutegetsi bwa repubulika (republic). Ubu buryo bwombi bw’imitegekere ni bwo turebera mu biburanga, ari nacyo twibandaho kugira ngo bwumvikane dutange n’ingero aho bishoboka.
Ari ubutegetsi bwa cyami ari n’ubwa repubulika, inyuma yabwo haba ubundi butegetsi umuntu yakwita ko bubuyobora, twagereranya n’igitugu (autocratic regime).
Ubutegetsi bw’igitugu
Ku butegetsi bwa cyami no ku butegetsi bwa repubulika, inyuma yabwo haba harimo ubundi butegetsi bw’igitugu.
Ubutegetsi bwa cyami ni ubutegetsi buba mu maboko y’umuryango umwe, buhererekanywa mu maboko y’abawugize, uhereye ku basekuruza bukamanuka no ku babakomokaho (dinasty). Ibyo mu Rwanda na ho byarabaye kugeza igihe byahinduwe na repubulika. Ababyibuka bazi ko byavugwaga ko hari abavukana "ishaka" nk’ikimenyetso cy’uwagombaga gusimbura umwami mu gihe yatanze.
Hari n’izindi ngoma zitsimbarara ku butegetsi bwihariye, bitari mu buryo bwa cyami kandi bugaragaza ibyo buhuriyeho nabwo. Urugero ni Korea ya Ruguru, aho ubutegetsi buri mu maboko y’umuryango wa "Kim", bivuga ko utabona ubutegetsi udakomoka muri uyu muryango.
Mu minsi mike ishize ubwo hanugwanugwaga ko Kim Jong Un yapfuye, amakuru n’impuha byabaye byinshi bivugwa ko ashobora gusimburwa n’umwana we muto w’umuhingu w’imyaka 10 cyangwa mushiki we. Uyu Kim yasimbuye se ku butegetsi burangwa no gukanga ndetse no gutera ubwoba abaturage, nabo bakaburamya, bakabuyoboka uko buri kose.
N’ubwo imiterere y’imitegekere atari imwe, uko ubutegetsi busimburana muri Korea ya Ruguru ntaho bitaniye n’ubwo muri Marroc n’ahandi.
Ibi kandi ubisanga muri Arabie Saudite, aho ingoma ya cyami ikaze muri ubwo buryo bw’imitegekere hamwe bagira amategeko akomeye, atuma habaho kugundira ubutegetsi ariko binashingiye ku myemerere y’idini. Aho naho abaturage bakabuyoboka uko, kandi bakumva ntacyo bibatwaye, banasobanura ko aribwo buryo bwabo bwa demukarasi mu gihe ababirebera kure bashobora kubyita imitegekere ishingiye ku gitugu.
Naho ku rugero rwa repubulika, wafata urugero rw’u Bushinwa aho abaturage bagendera ku ishyaka rimwe rukumbi (People’s Communist Party). N’ubwo igihugu cyateye imbere mu by’ubukungu, mu myaka irenga 30 ishize ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu bikomeye byari ku isonga, abanenga ubwo butegetsi bushingiye ku ishyaka rimwe bavuga ko ari igitugu kuko nta demokarasi ikirangwamo kubera ko abafite ibindi bitekerezo bya politiki batagira ubwinyangamburiro.
Ari ubutegetsi bwa cyami ari n’ubwa repubulika, buhurira ku kuba ubuyobozi bugirwa n’udutsiko tw’abantu babukorera, bakize bikomeye, bafite ingengabitekerezo ituma bagundira ubutegetsi ku nyungu zabo bwite, umuntu yagereranya n’akazu (nepotism). Bene abo bantu nibo bica bagakiza, bahutaza abagaragaza ibitekerezo bihabanye n’ibyabo, bagamije kubacecekesha ngo batazabubikira imbehe.
Mu Rwanda nyuma y’icyiswe "revolisiyo yo mu 1959", ubwo ingoma ya cyami yari imaze guhanguka, ubutegetsi bwa repubulika , nabwo budakosoye ibyo bwabonaga nk’amakosa muri iyo ngoma kuko, ikibazo cy’ihezwa ry’amoko kitakemutse, bityo umwiryane n’amakimbirane bihoraho kugeza jenoside ibaye. Icyo kibazo cy’amoko kuba kitarakemurwaga si uko cyabaga kinaniranye ariko ushingiye ku mitekerereze n’imyumvire y’ababaga ku butegetsi ni uko haburaga ubushake bwa politiki no gushaka kugundira ubutegetsi.
Iryo bura ry’ubushake mu kuyobora neza abaturage, utabacamo ibice bigereranywa n’ubundi butegetsi bwihishe bwabaga bukorera inyuma y’ubugaragara (autocratic regime) kuko burya nta butegetsi bukunda cyangwa bwemera ko buyoboresha igitugu (kandi bubikora), bukigaragaza ko ari ubw’abaturage, bwashyizweho na bo kandi bubakorera ( ibintu bigibwaho impaka zidashira).
Kwihisha inyuma y’ubutegetsi bwubakiye ku buryarya n’ikinyoma, si uburyo bw’imiyoborere myiza kuko abo uyobora batabura kubona ko ubategekesha igitugu n’ubwo baba bicecekeye. Igihe kimwe cyazagera bakarambirwa uko bayoborwa nabi bakagukuraho n’ubwo haboneka ibitambo, nk’uko byagenze muri Sudani, Burkinafaso, Côte d’Ivoire, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt n’ahandi. Kuyobora abaturage neza, utabatwaza igitugu ntako bisa nk’uko byagiye biba ku ngoma z’abategetsi nka Nyerere, Mandela n’abandi Isi yose n’abaturage batangaho urugero rwiza, abandi bategetsi bariho ubu bagombye gufatiraho urugero rwiza maze bakazaherekezwa n’ibikorwa byabo.
1 Ibitekerezo
gisagara Kuwa 08/05/20
Nkuko Umufaransa witwaga Voltaire yigeze kuvuga,”Politike ni ubuhanga bwo kubeshya abantu” (La Politique c’est l’art de mentir). Dore ingero nkeya: Mwibuke president Museveni asinya amasezerano na General Tito Okello i Nairobi,le 18/12/1985.Yahise amuca inyuma afata Kampala.Muribuka president Mobutu abeshya abakongomani ngo “mu mwaka wa 1980 bose bazaba bafite imodoka” (objectif 80).Muli Politike haberamo ibintu byinshi bibi: Kubeshya,amacenga,amatiku,amanyanga, amacakubiri,Intambara,gufunga abo mutavuga rumwe,ubwicanyi,inzangano,kwikubira ibyiza by’igihugu,kunyereza ibya Leta,Gutonesha bene wanyu,Ruswa,etc…Niyo mpamvu abakristu nyakuri banga kujya muli Politike n’Intambara zibera muli iyi si,bakizera kandi bagashaka Ubwami bw’Imana buzaza ku munsi w’imperuka,bugakuraho ubutegetsi bw’abantu akaba aribwo butegeka isi nkuko Daniel 2,umurongo wa 44 havuga.Niyo mpamvu Yesu yadusabye gusenga dusaba Imana ngo:”Ubwami bwawe nibuze” (Let your Kingdom Come\Que ton royaume vienne). Nibuza kandi buri hafi,buzadukiza ibibazo byose isi ifite,kandi bukure mu isi abantu bose bakora ibyo Imana itubuza.Ndetse buzure n’abantu bapfuye barumviraga Imana nkuko Yesu yavuze muli Yohana 6:40.It is a matter of time.
Subiza ⇾Tanga igitekerezo