Kuvuga ku butegetsi bushingira ku kazu n’icyenewabo, ibintu bibangamira imiyoborere myiza, si ibintu bishya kubyumva haba mu bihugu bimwe by’amahanga ndetse no mu Rwanda. N’ubwo ariko ari amagambo amenyerewe, nta butegetsi bukunda cyangwa bwishimira ko bubivugwaho kabone n’iyo byaba ari byo. Usibye kuba iyi nyandiko nta butegetsi runaka iza gutunga agatoki kuko atari cyo igamije usibye gusa kugaragaza igitekerezo cy’uko "utuzu twubakwa hashingiye ku cyenewabo", inyandiko yibutsa ububi n’ingaruka ku miyoborere myiza y’igihugu.
Mbere y’uko tugerageza gutanga ibisobanuro by’amagambo agize umutwe, ni byiza kwifashisha urugero rwatuma ibintu birushaho kumvikana neza. Umukuru w’umuryango w’abantu runaka aterwa ishema no kubona abo ayobora (abagize umuryango we) abagejeje ku iterambere, ku mibereho myiza n’ibindi bigaragaza gukomera kwabo. Icyo gihe aremerwa akitwa, umugabo nyawe, akubahwa n’abaturanyi n’inshuti kandi no mu buryo butaziguye akemerwa n’igihugu cye kuko nacyo aba agiteje imbere.
Mu bundi buryo iyo uwo mugabo ntacyo yamariye umuryango we n’igihugu cye, afatwa nk’umugabo mbwa cyangwa ikigwari kidafite icyo kimaze, umugabo uhora agenda yubitse amaso yaramazwe n’ikimwaro, utinya kugera mu bandi, n’ibindi n’ibindi.
Ibi rero byose bishingira ku buryo uyu mugabo yayoboye umuryango we (neza cyangwa nabi). Uyu mugabo iyo ayobora umuryango, ntakwiriye kuvangura abawugize ngo atoneshe bamwe kurusha abandi. Abo ashinzwe abafata kimwe mu buryo bungana. Umugabo mwiza ntagira abo ahengamiraho, ntiyita kuri bamwe abarutisha abandi. Iyo abikoze aba yatsinzwe, akarangwa n’imiyiborere mibi iganisha ku gusenyuka kw’abagize umuryango wagereranya n’abaturage b’igihugu runaka.
Ingaruka z’akazu n’icyenewabo ku miyoborere y’igihugu
Abatari bakuru mu myaka bashobora kudahita bumva neza ayo magambo bitiranya "akazu" nk’inzu gato nk’iyirirwa ibohewemo imbwa cyangwa amatungo. Oya! Akazu kavugwa hano gasobanura ubutegetsi bugizwe n’agatsiko k’abantu bafitanye isano, abakomoka ahantu hamwe, abiganye n’ibindi bahuriyeho, rimwe na rimwe badafite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kuyobora igihugu (nepotism).
Kuva na kera, ibi byahozeho ariko bigaragara cyane mu bihugu bigitera imbere, ahagiye hafatwa ubutegetsi mu buryo bwa kudeta (coup d’état), inyeshyamba zirwana zigahirika ubutegetsi, no mu zindi nzira zinyuranye. Iyo byagendaga bityo, niho wumvaga ubutegetsi bujyaho bukubakwa muri ubwo buryo tuvuze. Iby’aho byagiye bibaho, imyubakire mibi y’ubutegetsi nkiyo (igizwe n’akazu) bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage by’umwihariko no ku gihugu muri rusange.
Abari ku butegetsi n’ababakomokaho bagira ikintu cyo kwikanyiza, kwiyemera no kwirata, bumva ko bakomeye; ntawabanyeganyeza bagakandamiza abandi babagenera ibyo bashaka nk’imirimo, babakuraho igihe cyose bashaka, hakaba abagena n’abagenerwa!
Akazu n’icyenewabo n’ubwo ari amagambo asa n’atandukanye ariko ameze kimwe kuko twavuze ko akazu kubakwa hashingiye ku cyenewabo. Byombi ni kimwe kuko icyo bimara ari imiyoborere mibi itera ubusharire n’umubabaro mu mitima y’abaturage.
Imiyoborere myiza nayo igomba kumvikana nk’uburyo inzego z’igihugu ziyobora ibikorwa by’igihugu mu buryo buboneye kandi busaranganyijwe, nta ringaniza ku mirimo ndetse n’umutungo by’igihugu.
Byumvikane ko imiyoborere mibi ari ikinyuranyo cy’imyiza ku isonga mu biyigize ari ukudafata abaturage kimwe wakwita "politiki yigizayo" (excluvist politics). Iyi mikorere cyangwa imitegekere imeze gutyo igereranywa na "kanseri" imunga umuntu kugeza imuhitanye. Si kenshi abari ku butegetsi ibi bintu babibona kuko bahora bumva ko ibintu ari uburyohe, ari byiza cyane.
Abayobozi badakunda ubanenga, ubagira inama ntibayumve, kuko ubihangara bamufata nk’umwanzi cyangwa aduyi, atareba neza bikaba byamuhitana. Ku rundi ruhande, ubutegetsi bugakunda uburamya, ubuvuga neza, ubushimagiza, ukoma mu mashyi, uvuga gusa ngo ‘yego n’ibindi nk’ibyo, bene uwo muntu akaba ari we utanga raporo ikakirwa kuko ifatwa nk’iyizewe, kabone n’iyo yaba ari ikinyoma cyuzuye.
Mvuga ibi, ushobora kwibaza niba hari ubutegetsi bubaho butubakitse bushingiye kuri iryo hame. Birashoboka cyane ko hari ingero zatangwa z’ubutegetsi bwubatse budashingiye ku byabangamira imiyoborere y’igihugu. Gusa nk’uko bigaragara mu bika bya mbere, ibyo byagaragara mu bihugu byateye imbere ariko mu bigitera imbere ugasanga hakirimo gucumbagira muri urwo rwego. Gusa hari ikintu cyasobanura iyubakwa ry’akazu mu bihugu bitarakomera mu by’ubukungu nko kuba bihorana ubwoba bw’uko hagira ababyigaranzura bakabubyambura.
Kubaka akazu rero ahanini biba bigamije kugundira ubutegetsi bityo bukirinda gukorana cyangwa gukoresha abo butizeye bashobora kubugambanira igihe cyose.
Umuntu atanze ingero ku mpande zombi ku bihugu byageze kure mu miyoborere myiza ishingiye kuri demukarasi, wafata nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe zAmerika n’u Bufaransa; ibihugu biha abaturage babyo amahirwe angana ku byiza by’igihugu kandi imitegekere yabyo igashingira ku bushobozi bwa buri wese (meritocracy).
Ku bihugu bigicumbagira wafata ku ruhande rumwe nk’ibihugu bigitegekwa n’ingoma za cyami, aho byanze bikunze bigomba kuyoborwa n’agatsiko k’ibwami. Ibyo byabayeho mu gihe cy’izo ngoma mu Rwanda no mu Burundi. Muri ibyo bihugu no mu gihe cya repubulika byarakomeje ku butegetsi bwa Buyoya n’abamukurikiye, no ku ngoma ya Habyarimana ari ho ijambo Akazu ryavuzweho cyane.
Ku bategetsi b’i Burundi, havugwaga ko ako kazu kabaga kubakiwe ku bakomoka mu ntara ya Bururi. Mu Rwanda naho hakavugwa akazu k’Abanyenduga n’Abashiru. Muri ibyo bihugu byombi hakazamo n’ikibazo cy’amoko aho iyo ubutegetsi butabaga bugizwe cyangwa bwiganjemo abahutu, babaga ari abatutsi [dutanze izindi ngero].
Abatari bake batangiye kwibaza uko ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda ubu bwaba bwubatse. Buri wese ashobora kugira uko yabuvuga ariko uhereye ku kibazo cy’amoko ku bashaka kubureberamo, babona ko amoko yose yisangamo. Gusa hatabaye gukikira no guca ku ruhande hari ibigihwihwiswa, iyo abantu biherereye ko imbere hakirimo abacyiyumvamo kugira uruhare kurusha abandi, bakomeye kandi bafatira abandi ibyemezo bikaze. Bamwe bakabifata nk’ivangura, abandi bakabifata nk’uburyo bwiza bw’imiyoborere.
Ntawe ukwiriye kwibagirwa nyuma ya za 1994, amazina nk’abasope, abadubayi, abasajja, abajepe, ibipinga, abagolofu n’andi ntibuka. N’ubu hari abakibaza ngo naka yavuye he, akomoka he ari nabwo wumva kimwe n’ayo mazina yo hejuru; bashaka kuvuga Abarundi, Abazayirwa, Abagande, ba kavukire n’ibindi nk’ibyo.
Mu byukuri, itegeko ry’u Rwanda rihana bikomeye uwo ari we wese uzana ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose mu benegihugu. Ibyo bigatuma hashyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu gukumira ibyo kuko bitera imiyoborere mibi. Ariko ntibisiba kugaragara abafatwa n’iryo tegeko baguye muri ibyo byaha. Amazina nkayo yambura abantu ubumuntu (déshumanisation), nta handi aba aganisha hatari ku kwigizayo no kwikiza abandi kugira ngo habeho kwihererana ibyiza nkamahirwe rusange y’abenegihugu.
Ku babyibuka mbere ya za 1994, ‘inzoka’ byashakaga kuvuga umututsi, nyuma y1994, igipinga kikaba umuntu wese udakunda igihugu; urwanya leta, abitirirwa ibihugu bituriye u Rwanda byafatwa nk’ikorandakarere riremamo abantu udutsiko, utuzina nk’abasope byavugaga abakobwa kavukire mu Rwanda, abadubayi bigasobanura abakobwa bavuye Zaïre, abajepe (GP) bigasobanura abakobwa bavuye i Burundi, abasajja bashakaga kuvuga abakobwa bavuye Uganda ( nubwo umusajja ari umugabo mu Lugande).
Uwajya muri ibi bwakwira bugacya kuko nubwo twirinze gusobanura buri izina rimwe ku rindi kubera kwirinda ababonamo gushaka kwigisha ivangura abatabizi, abakuze bo bazi icyo ayo mazina yasobanuraga. Gusa ntiyari meza kuko yabaga agamije kwigizayo, abo wumva ko batari beza no kwiyegereza cyangwa kwikururira abitwa ko ari beza.
Buhoro buhoro, bene ayo mazina yaracitse, hasigara ibisigisigi byayo kuko n’ubwo ari uko bimeze, ubu wicaye ahantu mu bantu benshi cyangwa ukihanukira ukavuga rimwe muri ayo mazina, ntawagutera abaza ngo ibyo bintu uvuze ko ntabizi. N’iyo ibyo byatinywa kuvugwa mu ruhame cyangwa ku mugaragaro, ikizwi ni uko bihari kandi bivugwa cyangwa biri mu mitima yabantu.
Abatekereza bene ibyo bintu byivangura, n’abarangwa n’imitegekere yakazu nicyenewabo, bakwiriye kumenya ko ari ibintu bibangamira imiyoborere myiza y’ibihugu, ntawe ukwiriye kubyifuza kubera ko bisubiza igihugu n’abaturage inyuma, bityo amaherezo abategetsi bakisanga bararuhiye ubusa kuko abagendera kuri iyo mitegekere bidakunze kubahira. Ni ikintu rero impande zose zigomba guhagurukira, guha agaciro no kurwanya ndetse kuko burya igihugu ari umurage mwiza Imana yabahaye, bagomba gutunganya kugira ngo bazagisigire ababakomokaho ari cyiza birushijeho.
Tanga igitekerezo