Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, Abanyarwanda benshi bamaze gukatirwa n’inkiko, kubera uruhare rwabo muri jenoside. Hirya no hino ku isi, uretse muri Afurika yigize Ntibindeba !
Mu Rwanda, hari abanyarwanda benshi bahamwe n’icyaha kandi barakatirwa mu gihugu cyabo. Abandi bari barahunze bagiye babiryozwa n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga cyangwa se bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bahungiyemo.
N’ikimenyimenyi, Urukiko Rusesa Imanza rw’igihugu cy’u Bufaransa, kuri uyu wa gatatu taliki 30/9/2020, ruzafata icyemezo cya nyuma ku iyoherezwa rya Bwana Kabuga Felicien imbere y’ubutabera mpuzamahanga. Uyu Kabuga, ufatwa nk’ « umushoramari wa jenoside », yatawe muri yombi uyu mwaka muri Gicurasi mu nkengero z’umujyi wa Paris, nyuma y’imyaka 25 yihishahisha.
Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda-TPIR
Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwashyizweho n’Inama Ishinzwe Umutekano ku Isi, mu cyemezo no. 955 cyo ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1994. Ku cyicaro cyarwo kiri Arusha, Tanzania, uru rukiko, ku birego bigera kuri 93, rwakatiye abantu ibihano bitandukanye birimo n’igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ; nk’uko hari n’abo rwagize abere. Nyuma y’ifungwa ryarwo muri 2015, hashyizweho urwego rushinzwe kurangiza imirimo yarwo, harimo no gukurikirana abakekwaho jenoside bagishakishwa.
By’umwihariko, uru rukiko rwakatiye igifungo cy’imyaka 30 Ngirabatware Augustin, umukwe wa Kabuga Felicien wahoze ari na Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi. Iki gihano cye cyaje kwemezwa muri Nzeri 2019, ubwo urubanza rwe rwasubirishwagamo, akaba ari na rwo rubanza rwonyine rwageze kuri urwo rwego.
Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda
Mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ubwinshi bw’abakekwaho icyaha cya jenoside, kuva mu mwaka wa 1996, ubutabera bw’u Rwanda bwatangiriye mu Nkiko zihariye zashoboye kuburansha abagera ku 4000. Abantu 22, mu bari bakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu, banyonzwe ku wa 25 Mata 1998 mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ko icyaha cya jenoside kigomba guhanwa. Iri nyongwa, hashyirwa mu bikorwa igihano cy’urupfu, ni na ryo ryabaye irya nyuma mu Rwanda, kubera ko, mu mwaka wa 2007, u Rwanda rwakuyeho igihano cy’urupfu, mu rwego rwo gukuraho inzitizi zo kohereza mu Rwanda abakekwaho jenoside bafashwe na TPIR cyangwa ubutabera bw’ibihugu by’amahanga.
Hagati ya 2005 na 2012, inkiko gacaca zigera ku 12.000 mu gihugu cyose zashoboye gucira imanza abakekwaho jenoside bagera ku bantu miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000), 65% muri bo bahamwa n’ibyaha baregwaga, abandi baba abere.
Ni mu gihe kandi, abantu batatu boherejwe na TPIR kuburanira mu Rwanda, kuva 2012, ubu bamaze gukatirwa igifungo cya burundu.
Mu bihugu by’u Burayi
Mu mwaka wa 2001, abanyarwanda bane barimo, ababikira babiri bashinjwe kwicisha ibihumbi by’abatutsi bari babahungiyeho, bakatiwe igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 12 na 20, mu gihugu cy’u Bubiligi. Ni rwo rwabaye urubanza rwa mbere ku isi ubutabera bw’igihugu runaka bwari buhannye icyaha cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi hanze y’u Rwanda.
Na none muri 2005, abagabo babiri bahoze ari abacuruzi hakatiwe kubera ibyaha byiswe iby’intambara ; mu gihe muri 2007, hari umusirikare mukuru, Major Bernard Ntuyahaga, wakatiwe na we kubera ubuhotozi bwakorewe abasirikare 10 b’Ababiligi bari mu butumwa bwa Loni (MINUAR). Mu mwaka wa 2009, undi munyarwanda, Ephrem Nkezabera wiswe « umushoramari wa jenoside », yakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 30 kubera ibyaha by’intambara.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, ubwo Neretse Fabiyani wahoze ari umukozi mukuru wa Leta yakatirwaga igifungo cy’imyaka 25, byari bibaye ubwa mbere ubutabera bw’igihugu cy’u Bubiligi buburanisha bukanahana icyaha cya jenoside. Muri Mata 2020, ni bwo igihano cye cyemejwe burundu.
Mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa, cyakunze kunengwa uruhare cyaba cyaragize muri jenoside, urubanza rwahaburanishirijwe bwa mbere ni urwa Simbikangwa Pascal, wahoze ari Kapiteni mu mutwe warindaga Perezida w’igihugu. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakatiwe mu bujurire igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kubera icyaha cya jenoside n’ubufatanyacyaha ku byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Icyo gihano cyaje guhamywa burundu mu mwaka wa 2018.
Mu mwaka wa 2016, abagabo babiri, Ngenzi Octavien na Barahira Tito, bahoze ari ba burugumesitiri ba Komini Kabarondo bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n’Urukiko rwa Rubanda rwa Paris, kubera icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Iki gihano cyemejwe mu bujurire kinashimangirwa mu Rukiko Rusesa Imanza.
Mu gihugu cya Suwedi, kuva mu mwaka wa 2014, abanyarwanda batatu bafite ubwenegihugu bwa Suwedi bamaze gukatirwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, kubera uruhare rwabo muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Abo ni Stanislas Mbanenande, Claver Berinkidi na Theodore Rukeratabaro,
Mu mwaka wa 2009, mu gihugu cya Canada, hari umunyarwanda umwe, Munyaneza Desire, wakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu.
Mu gihugu cya Finlande, naho hari umugabo Francois Bazaramba wahoze ari Pasiteri yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, kiza kwemezwa mu mwaka wa 2012.
Mu Budage, umunyarwanda Onesphore Rwabukombe wigeze kuba burugumesitiri, mu mwaka wa 2015, yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare rwe muri jenoside yakorewe kuri Kiliziya ya Kiziguro.
Muri Norvège, undi munyarwanda Sadi Bugingo yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 21, kubera uruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwakorewe ibihumbi by’abatutsi ; iki gihano cyabaye burundu muri 2015.
Muri 2003, mu gihugu cya Leta Zunze Umwe z’Amerika, umunyarwandakazi Beatrice Munyenyezi wari warabonye ubwenegihugu bw’Amerika yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 10, anamburwa ubwenegihugu kubera guhisha uruhare rwe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.
Mu gihugu cy’u Buholandi, mu mwaka wa 2003, umunyarwandakazi Yvonne Basebya wahawe ubwenegihugu bw’u Buholandi yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 6 n’amezi 8 kubera icyaha cyo gushishikariza gukora jenoside. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 2011, undi munyarwanda Joseph Mpambara aza gukatirwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, kinemezwa mu bujurire, kubera ibyaha by’intambara.
Afurika yabaye Ntibindeba !
Ishami ry’Ubushinjacyaha bukuru (GFTU) rishinzwe gushakisha abakekwaho icyaha cya jenoside bakihishahisha hirya no hino ku isi, uyu munsi rivuga ko ryatanze impapuro zigera ku 1144 zo kubata muri yombi. Abenshi mu bashakishwa babarizwa mu bihugu by’Afurika nka Repubulika iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo, Uganda na Malawi. Ni mu gihe, u Bufaransa buri ku isonga mu bihugu by’u Burayi kuko bucumbikiye 47 mu bashakishwa.
Nubwo mu Bufaransa, nta n’umwe urafatwa ngo yoherezwe kuburanishirizwa mu Rwanda, nibura abagera kuri 3 bamaze kuburanishwa no gukatirwa n’ubutabera bw’icyo gihugu. Ni mu gihe nta gihugu na kimwe cy’Afurika cyari cyagira n’umwe kiburanisha mu bakekwaho icyaha cya jenoside.
Mu nama y’Ihuriro ry’Abashinjacyaha muri Afurika yateraniye i Kigali mu mwaka ushize wa 2019, iki kibazo cyaganiriweho. Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w’u Rwanda, Havugiyaremye Aimable, avuga ko bamwe mu bakurikiranyweho ibi byaha baba barahinduye amazina ku buryo bigoye ku batahura,agaragaza ko ku mpapuro zirenga 1000 u Rwanda rwohereje, 700 zoherejwe mu bihugu 13 by’Afurika, abamaze koherezwa mu Rwanda akaba ari 4 gusa.
Nyuma y’inzitizi zagaragajwe muri iyo nama, zirimo « guhindura amazina », « ubwenegihugu » bw’ibihugu bihishamo, ariko cyane cyane « imikoranire », Bwana Havugiyaremye Aimable yibukije bagenzi be b’Afurika ko « mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, iyo udashoboye kohereza umuntu yarakoze icyaha, nibura uranamuhana ». Aha ngo ni ho hari « gushyirwamo imbaraga ».
Tanga igitekerezo