U Rwanda, u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Uganda na Tanzania byemeranyije ku mushinga w’amabwiriza ahuriweho agamije guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu karere. Ariko mu gihe intambara ikomeje mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukumenya niba ubwo bufatanye bushobora guhindura imikorere y’ibihugu no kugabanya kutizerana kwabyo.
Ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2026, mu murwa mukuru wa Zambia, Lusaka, ibihugu bitanu byo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari byafashe icyemezo gishobora kugira uruhare mu cyerekezo cy’umutekano w’akarere.
Abahagarariye u Burundi, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, u Rwanda, Uganda na Tanzania bemeranyije ku mushinga w’amabwiriza agamije guhuza uburyo bwo guhangana n’abarwanyi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro bakomoka mu bindi bihugu.
Ayo mabwiriza ateganya kurambika intwaro hasi, gukura abarwanyi mu mitwe yabo, kubafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe no gutahukana mu bihugu bakomokamo abujuje ibisabwa.
Ku rupapuro, iki cyemezo gishobora kugaragara nk’intambwe igana ku bufatanye bw’ibihugu bimaze igihe bifitanye amakimbirane n’impungenge z’umutekano.
Ariko mu karere aho imitwe yitwaje intwaro yambukiranya imipaka, ibihugu bigashinjanya kuyitera inkunga, ikibazo ntikiri mu kumvikana ku mabwiriza gusa.
Ikibazo ni ukumenya niba ibihugu byiteguye gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo byemeranyijeho, kabone n’igihe bisaba buri kimwe guhindura uburyo gisanzwe gifata ikibazo cy’umutekano.
Ni iki ibihugu byemeranyijeho i Lusaka?
Inama ya Lusaka yabaye mu rwego rw’ibikorwa by’Inama Mpuzamahanga y’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, ihuriro rigamije guteza imbere amahoro, umutekano n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu bigize aka karere.
Umushinga w’amabwiriza waganiriweho wari ugamije gushyiraho uburyo buhuriweho bwo guhangana n’abarwanyi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro bakomoka mu bindi bihugu, kugira ngo ibihugu birebwa n’iki kibazo bidakomeza kugikemura buri kimwe mu buryo bwacyo butandukanye.
Mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro yagarutsweho mu biganiro by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye harimo Ingabo za FDLR, umutwe wa ADF na RED-Tabara, hamwe n’indi mitwe ikorera mu karere.
Icyakora, ni ngombwa gutandukanya ibyemejwe n’ibitararangira. Abaminisitiri bemeranyije ku mushinga w’amabwiriza, ariko agomba gushyikirizwa abakuru b’ibihugu kugira ngo bawusuzume kandi bawemeze burundu.
Bityo, ntituravuga ko ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro cyamaze gukemuka. Icyabaye ni uko ibihugu byumvikanye ku cyerekezo n’uburyo byifuza gukoresha mu kugikemura.
Iri tandukaniro rifite akamaro kanini: kwemeranya ku buryo bwo gukemura ikibazo si kimwe no kuba ikibazo cyamaze gukemuka.
Inyungu: Kuki ibi bihugu byemeye gukorera hamwe?
Mu isesengura rya politiki mpuzamahanga, kumenya icyemezo cyafashwe ntibihagije. Tugomba no kureba inyungu zishobora gutuma buri ruhande rwemera kugifata, ndetse n’imbogamizi zishobora gutuma rutagishyira mu bikorwa.
Kinshasa: Guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro no kongera ubushobozi bwa Leta
Ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu ni ikibazo cy’umutekano n’ubusugire bw’igihugu.
Kuba imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishobora kugenzura ibice bimwe by’ubutaka, guhungabanya abaturage no kubangamira imikorere y’inzego za Leta bituma ikibazo kirenga ubushobozi bw’ingabo gusa.
Ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa bufite inyungu mu gushaka ubufatanye bw’ibihugu by’ibituranyi kugira ngo imitwe ikorera ku butaka bwa Congo itabona inzira yoroshye yo guhungira mu bindi bihugu, kubona ibikoresho cyangwa kongera kwisuganya.
Ariko ubwo bufatanye bushobora kugira icyo bugeraho ari uko ibihugu birebwa n’iki kibazo byemeranya ku mitwe igomba kurwanywa, uburyo bwo kuyihashya n’uko amakuru ajyanye n’ibikorwa byayo azagenzurwa.
Kigali: Umutekano ntugomba kurangirira ku mupaka
Ku Rwanda, ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu karere gifitanye isano n’impungenge z’umutekano w’igihugu.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rugaragaza ko umutwe wa FDLR ari ikibazo cy’umutekano warwo. Ku rundi ruhande, impaka hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa zirimo n’ibirego birebana n’uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu ntambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ibyo u Rwanda rwagiye ruhakana.
Ibi bituma ikibazo cy’umutekano kidashobora gukemurwa no guhuriza ibihugu ku ntego rusange gusa. Bisaba no kugira uburyo bwumvikanyweho bwo kugenzura ibikorwa bya buri ruhande no gusuzuma ibirego byaryo.
Mu rwego rw’isesengura, inyungu z’u Rwanda ziri mu kubona ko ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro gishakirwa igisubizo mu buryo burambye, ariko uburyo ibyo bizagerwaho bugomba gushingira ku masezerano asobanutse no ku bikorwa bishobora kugenzurwa.
Gitega: Kurinda umutekano w’igihugu no gukumira ibibazo byambukiranya imipaka
Ku Burundi, imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu karere ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w’igihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe ibikorwa byayo byegereye imipaka cyangwa bigira ingaruka ku baturage.
U Burundi bufite inyungu mu gukumira ko intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo ikomeza gukwirakwira, mu kurinda abaturage no mu kugabanya ibyago by’uko umutekano muke wangiza ubucuruzi n’imibanire y’ibihugu.
Ariko kugira ngo ubwo bufatanye bugire akamaro, hakenewe kumvikana ku buryo bwo gutandukanya abarwanyi, abasivili n’abashaka kuva mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Kugira amabwiriza ahuriweho bishobora gufasha mu gucunga icyo kibazo, ariko bizaterwa n’uko azashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Uganda na Tanzania: Umutekano w’akarere nk’inyungu rusange
Uganda na Tanzania na byo bifite inyungu mu kugira akarere gafite umutekano, aho imipaka idakoreshwa mu kwimura intambara cyangwa mu gukomeza ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Umutekano muke ushobora guhungabanya ubucuruzi, ingendo z’abaturage n’ubufatanye bw’ibihugu mu bijyanye n’ubukungu.
Ibi byerekana ko ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro kitareba gusa ibihugu aho iyo mitwe ikorera. Gishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bihugu bidahuriye mu mirwano, ariko bigira inyungu mu mutekano n’ubukungu bw’akarere.
Imbaraga: Ese ibihugu bitanu bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo byemeranyijeho?
Imbaraga ntizipimirwa ku magambo cyangwa ku mubare w’ibihugu byateraniye hamwe gusa. Zipimirwa no ku bushobozi bwo guhindura icyemezo ibikorwa bifatika.
Ibihugu bitanu bifite inzego z’umutekano, ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi bwo gufatanya mu kugenzura imipaka. Ariko kugira ngo ubufatanye bugire akamaro, hakenewe uburyo buhuza ibyo bintu byose.
Hari ibibazo bitatu by’ingenzi.
Icya mbere: Amakuru azahuzwa ate?
Imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishobora gukoresha inzira zitandukanye, guhindura aho ikorera no kwivanga mu baturage. Kugira ngo ibihugu bihangane na yo, bigomba kugira uburyo bwizewe bwo guhanahana amakuru no kugenzura niba ayo makuru ari ukuri.
Icya kabiri: Ni nde uzagenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza?
Iyo igihugu gishinjwe kudakurikiza ibyo cyiyemeje, hakenewe uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso no kumenya niba koko cyarenze ku masezerano.
Hatabayeho ubwo buryo, ibirego bishobora gukomeza kuba intwaro ya politiki, aho kuba inzira yo gukemura ikibazo.
Icya gatatu: Ni iki kizakorwa igihe igihugu kitubahirije ibyo cyiyemeje?
Amabwiriza ashobora kuba meza, ariko agatakaza agaciro iyo nta buryo buhari bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo no gukemura amakimbirane avutse hagati y’abayashyizeho umukono.
Ni yo mpamvu imbaraga z’ibi bihugu zitazapimirwa gusa ku kuba byarahuye, ahubwo zizapimirwa ku bushobozi bwo gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo gufatanya no kubugumishaho.
Igitutu: Ese ibihugu bizemera guhindura ibyo bisanzwe bikora?
Mu mibanire y’ibihugu, hari igihe buri gihugu kiba gishyigikiye igitekerezo rusange, ariko kikagira impungenge ku buryo kizashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibihugu byose bishobora kwemera ko imitwe yitwaje intwaro igomba kurambika intwaro hasi. Ariko bishobora kutumvikana ku mitwe igomba gushyirwa imbere, ku nshingano za buri gihugu no ku buryo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa by’abarwanyi.
Aha ni ho ikibazo cy’inyungu n’igitutu kigaragarira.
Igihugu gishobora gusanga gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano bigisaba guhindura uburyo cyakoraga mu bijyanye n’umutekano. Gishobora kandi gutinya ko kubahiriza ibyo cyiyemeje bituma kibura imbaraga cyabonaga mu mikorere yari isanzweho.
Ku rundi ruhande, kutubahiriza amasezerano na byo bishobora kugira ikiguzi: kongera kutizerana n’ibindi bihugu, gutakaza icyizere cy’abafatanyabikorwa no gukomeza kubaho kw’ibibazo by’umutekano.
Bityo, ibihugu bizaba bigomba kugereranya inyungu zo gukomeza gukorana n’ikiguzi cyo kutubahiriza ibyo byiyemeje.
Icyemezo cya Lusaka kizagira agaciro ari uko inyungu zo gukorana zirusha ibihugu inyungu byo gukomeza gukemura ikibazo buri kimwe ukwacyo.
Ibishoboka: Ni izihe nzira ubu bufatanye bushobora kunyuramo?
Mu gusesengura ibizaza, ntitugomba gufata icyifuzo nk’aho ari igisubizo cyamaze kuboneka. Ahubwo tugomba kureba inzira zitandukanye zishoboka n’ibimenyetso byazigaragaza.
Inzira ya mbere: Ubwo amabwiriza yahinduka ibikorwa bifatika
Ibi bishobora kubaho igihe abakuru b’ibihugu bemeye umushinga w’amabwiriza, hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo, kandi ibihugu bigatangira gufatanya mu guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ibimenyetso by’ingenzi byagaragaza intambwe muri icyo cyerekezo ni uko haba uburyo buhamye bwo guhanahana amakuru, gukurikirana abarwanyi bashyira intwaro hasi no kugenzura niba ibikorwa by’ibihugu bihuye n’ibyo byiyemeje.
Icyo gihe, inama ya Lusaka yaba irenze kuba inama y’abayobozi, ikaba intangiriro y’uburyo bushya bw’ubufatanye mu mutekano.
Inzira ya kabiri: Amasezerano aho yakomeza, ariko kutizerana kukiyongera
Birashoboka ko ibihugu byemeza amabwiriza, ariko bikagorwa no kuyashyira mu bikorwa kubera kutizerana, ibirego bihoraho n’inyungu bitumvikanaho.
Icyo gihe, inama n’inyandiko z’amasezerano byakomeza kubaho, ariko ntibigire ingaruka zigaragara ku mikorere y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ibi byaba byerekana ko ikibazo kitari ukubura amabwiriza gusa, ahubwo ko harimo n’ikibazo cy’umubano wa politiki n’uburyo ibihugu bisobanura umutekano wabyo.
Inzira ya gatatu: Ubwo ibihugu byakomeza gukemura ibibazo buri kimwe ukwacyo
Niba ibihugu bidashoboye kumvikana ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza, bishobora gukomeza gufata ingamba zitandukanye, buri kimwe gishyira imbere inyungu zacyo.
Ibi bishobora gutuma ubufatanye bugabanuka, bigatuma amakuru adahuzwa neza kandi bikagora guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikoresha imipaka y’ibihugu bitandukanye.
Icyo cyerekezo nticyaba gisobanuye ko ibiganiro byose byapfuye, ariko cyaba kigaragaza ko kumvikana ku mpapuro bitarahinduka ubufatanye burambye.
Inzira ya kane: Ubufatanye bw’umutekano bugira uruhare mu kugabanya ubushyamirane
Niba ibihugu bishoboye gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa, gukemura ibirego no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo byiyemeje, bishobora kugabanya bimwe mu bibazo bitera ubushyamirane.
Ibi ntibivuze ko amakimbirane yose yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo yahita arangira. Intambara ifite impamvu nyinshi, zirimo ibibazo bya politiki, umutekano, imiyoborere n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ariko ubufatanye burambye bushobora kugabanya uburyo ibibazo by’umutekano byambukiranya imipaka bikomeza kongera amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu.
Ni iki cyatuma inama ya Lusaka igira agaciro?
Kugira ngo icyemezo cya Lusaka kigire ingaruka zifatika, hari ibintu bitanu by’ingenzi.
Icya mbere: Kwemeza amabwiriza no kuyasobanura neza
Ibihugu bigomba kumvikana ku nshingano za buri ruhande, uburyo bwo kurambika intwaro hasi n’uko abarwanyi bazasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe cyangwa bagatahukanwa mu bihugu bakomokamo.
Icya kabiri: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura
Hagomba kubaho uburyo bwo kugenzura niba amasezerano yubahirizwa, no gusuzuma ibirego hashingiwe ku bimenyetso aho gushingira ku magambo ya politiki gusa.
Icya gatatu: Kurinda abasivili
Guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ntibigomba gutuma abaturage bahinduka abahohoterwa. Kurinda ubuzima bwabo, kubafasha kubona serivisi z’ibanze no kubaha amahirwe yo gusubira mu buzima busanzwe bigomba kuba mu byo ayo mabwiriza agamije kugeraho.
Icya kane: Guhuza ubufatanye n’ibiganiro bya politiki
Ibibazo by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ntibishobora gukemurwa n’ibikorwa by’umutekano gusa. Hakenewe no gukemura impamvu zituma abantu binjira muri iyo mitwe, ibibazo by’imiyoborere n’amakimbirane akomeza gutuma abaturage batagira umutekano.
Icya gatanu: Gukomeza ubufatanye n’igihe ibihugu bidahuriye ku bindi bibazo
U Rwanda, u Burundi na Congo bifite amateka n’inyungu zitandukanye mu karere. Ubufatanye burambye buzageragezwa n’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukomeza kubahiriza ibyo byiyemeje n’igihe hari ibibazo bya politiki bitarakemuka.
Ibi ntibisaba ko ibihugu bihita byumvikana kuri buri kibazo. Bisaba ko bigira uburyo bwizewe bwo gukemura ibyo bitumvikanaho bitabaye ngombwa ko buri kutumvikana guhinduka ikibazo gishya cy’umutekano.
Umusozo: Amahoro ntapimirwa ku mubare w’amasezerano, ahubwo apimirwa ku mpinduka zigaragara
Inama ya Lusaka igaragaza ko ibihugu bitanu byo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari byabonye ko ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro gisaba ubufatanye burenze imipaka ya buri gihugu.
Ariko kuba byarashyize umukono ku cyerekezo kimwe ntibivuze ko byamaze kumvikana ku buryo bwose bwo kugishyira mu bikorwa. Umushinga w’amabwiriza ugomba kwemezwa burundu, hanyuma hagakurikiraho ibikorwa bigaragaza ko ibihugu byiteguye kubahiriza ibyo byiyemeje.
Mu mboni zanjye, igipimo cy’ingenzi cy’iyi nama ntikizaba umubare w’abayitabiriye cyangwa uburemere bw’amagambo yavugiwe i Lusaka. Kizaba ubushobozi bw’ibihugu byo guhindura ibyo byemeranyijeho uburyo bufatika bwo guhangana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kurinda abaturage no kugabanya impamvu zitera ubushyamirane.
Kuko mu bya politiki mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bishobora kugira inyungu imwe ariko bikagira ubwoba butandukanye. Bishobora no gusinya amasezerano bidafite icyizere cyuzuye hagati yabyo.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo nyamukuru kitari ukumenya niba ibihugu bitanu byumvikanye. Icyo tugomba gukurikirana ni ukumenya niba bizashobora kubahiriza ibyo byiyemeje n’igihe inyungu zabyo zitandukanye.
Amagambo ashobora guhuza ibihugu mu nama imwe. Ibikorwa ni byo byerekana niba koko byahisemo gukorera hamwe.