U Rwanda rwavuye kure nyuma y’ ingaruka y’ imiyoborere mibi yatumye rusenyuka bikomeye rukabura abaturage barwo bishwe muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 , icyo gihe abandi benshi bagahunze igihugu. Usibye kuba rwaratakaje abaturage, ibikorwaremezo by’ ingenzi byarwo byarasenyutse ku kigero cyo hejuru hamwe bitari byoroshye kuyobora u Rwanda uhereye hafi ku ubusa. Imyaka 26 u Rwanda rwageze kubyagaragaraga ko bidashoboka bigerwaho.
Byabaye urugamba rutoroshye gusana ibyangirijwe no gusubiza igihugu ku murongo. Birumvikana ko habayeho kwibanda ku gusana imitima y’abaturage yari ifite ibikomere ari ku barokotse no gutanga ubutabera bw’unga bugamije ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’ abaturage. Habayeho kandi gusana ibikorwaremezo binyuranye no guhanga ibishya mu rwego rwo guteza imbere abaturage.
Ingamba Mfatanyabikorwa za Banki y�Isi n�u Rwanda za 2014-2018 zashyizwe kwikubitiro mu kugabanya ubukene n�ubusumbane zatanze umusaruro ushimishije. Umubare w�abakene waragabanutse ku buryo abaturage babarizwa munsi y�umurongo w�ubukene bagabanutse bava kuri 59 ku ijana mu ntangiriro z�umwaka wa 2000 bagera kuri 45 ku ijana muri 2011.
Nkaho muri raporo y�Ikigo cy�igihugu cy�Ibarurishamibare NISR (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda) igaragaza ko GDP (Umudaruro mbumbo) mu 1999 wari kuri Milliyari 607 hanyuma mu mwaka 2000 irazamuka ijya kuri milliyari 676 biwanye n�ubwiyongere bungana na 11%. Iki kigo kandi muri raboro yacyo 2019, ko igaraga ko Umusaruro mbumbe wazamutse ku rugero rwa 9,4%, ukaba ufite agaciro ka miliyari ibihumbi ikenda n�ijana na gatanu (9.105) z�amafaranga y�u Rwanda. Ibi ubwabyo byakwereka ko babayeho kwiyubaka ntagereranwa.
Kuva mu 1994, Abanyarwanda bagiye bakurikira ibitangazamakuru bivuga ko abayobozi aba n’aba baturuka mu bihugu ibi n’ ibi hari ibikorwa u Rwanda rwagezeho baje ku rwigiraho. Iyo wumvaga iby’ izo ngendoshuli wumvaga ari ishema kwigira ku gihugu kikiva mu ntambara, bamwe bari bagifata nka ruvumwa. Hafi ibihugu byose byo mu karere byaje muri izo ngendoshuli. Hari ibintu bitatu ahanini u Rwanda rwatanzeho n’ubu rugitangaho isomo mu mahanga ugereranyije na bimwe mu bihugu cyane cyane ibya Afurika.
Isuku yo mu rwego rwo hejuru
Umunyarwanda iyo asohotse agiye mu mahanga iyo yivuze nta kindi kimuranga atari ukuva mu gihugu gifite isuku, igihugu kizira umwanda. Byose byatangiye mu ijambo umukuru w’ igihugu yigeze kuvugira muri sitadi rejiyonali i Nyamirambo avuga ati koko tuzasaba inkunga z’ amahanga ku byo tudafitiye ubushobozi tunasabe inkunga yo gusukura igihugu cyanyu dufite amaboko yo kubikora?
Yongeyeho ati buriya umuntu utagira cyangwa utarangwa n’isuku no mu bwonko bwe iba nta yirimo. Guhera ubwo ababishinzwe basamiye mu kirere gahunda y’isuku itangira iryo, bimera nka wa mwera uturutse i bukuru, maze si ukwita ku isuku karahava uhereye hejuru ukageza hasi mu baturage. Ibyo bigashimangirwa n’ umuganda rusange ukorwa buri kwezi gusoza.
Hashyizweho itegeko ribuza iyinjizwa ry’ amashashi mu gihugu ibintu byagize uruhare mu igabanyuka ry’ umwanda mu gihugu. Ibihugu bimwe nka Gabon, Congo byasuye u Rwanda kurwigiraho uko rwabigenje kugira ngo nabyo birwigane. Ku birebana n’ isuku hari abanyamahanga batekereza ko hari abakozi barara bakoropa za kaburimbo. Umuntu ujugunya umwanda ahatabigenewe ashobora kubihanirwa cyangwa akababarirwa bitewe n’uwo ari we, basanze ari umunyamahanga utabisobanukiwe cyangwa se umurwayi wo mu mutwe.
Ubwishingizi mu by’ubuvuzi
Niba hari ikintu kigora abenegihugu ni ukugera ku buvuzi bwifuzwa kuko imiti ihenda kandi abaturage badahwema kurwara. Igihugu kitagira gahunda nk’ iyo y’ ubwishingizi ituma abaturage bapfa kubera kubura ubushobozi bwo kwivuza. Mu Rwanda icyo cyarakemutse hamwe abakozi baba aba Leta cyangwa abikorera baba 100% babona ubwo bw’u bwishingizi, batanga umusanzu wabo biteganyiriza kuvuza abandi nabo ubwabo.
Muri ubwo bwishingizi bucungwa N�ikigo cy’ ubwishingizi n’ubwiteganyirize RSSB ari nacyo gicunga mituweri, kuba iyi gahunda y�ubwisungane mu kwivuza (mituweri) ihagaze neza nabyo byatumye ibihugu bimwe by’amahanga biza gufata amasomo y�uko u Rwanda rwabikoze kugira ngo nabyo bijye kubikorera abenegihugu byabyo.
Aha ariko ho haracyari ikibazo kivugwamo cyo kuba hakiri ikimeze nk’iringaniza kuko abarwayi bose badahabwa ubuvuzi ku kigero kimwe, nko kuba hari abatemererwa kujya kwivuriza byoroshye mu bitaro cyangwa amwe mu mavuriro akomeye no koherezwa kuvurirwa mu mahanga. Ubu bwishingizi aho bukorwa biba ari ikimenyetso cyiza cy’ imibereho myiza y’ abaturage. Niyo mpamvu ku ngoma ya perezida wa Amerika wacyuye igihe Obama, yarwanye urugamba rukomeye ngo asige itegeko ryerekeye bene ubwo bwishingizi ritorwa kandi yabigezeho.
Kutagira imodoka za Leta " Charroi Zero"
Iyi nayo ni gahunda ikomeye u Rwanda rwagezeho nubwo abenshi batabyemeraga batabyumva. Mbere ya za 1994, Leta y’ u Rwanda yari ifite imodoka zagenerwaga abakozi guhera ku muyobozi kugeza ku mukozi wo hasi wabonaga hari uburyo bwateganijwe bwo kujyana no gucyura abakozi. Nyuma ya 1994, haje igitekerezo cyo guhindura ubwo buryo kuko bwatwaraga ingengo y’ imari nyinshi kandi hari ibindi bikorwa by’ingenzi kurushaho byabaga bikeneye kwitabwaho.
Nubwo tutabashije kumenya icyazigamwe (amafaranga) mu rwego rw’ izo mpinduka, nta kabuza hakumiriwe byinshi byarimo gusesagura n’ ibindi. Ku babyibuka imodoka za Leta zatejwe cyamunara, abazitwara barasezererwa, ubujura bw’ ibyuma mu magaraji byarahagaze, amavuta y’ imodoka ntiyari akigurwa, impanuka z’ imodoka za Leta ntizari zikiriho n’ibindi byatumye hazigamwa byinshi.
U Rwanda rushobora kuba ari rwo rwonyine ku Isi cyangwa mu bihugu bike byakoze iyo gahunda yo kubaho nta modoka z’ akazi ziriho usibye iyo mu mishinga runaka n’ ibigo bimwe bifite imirimo yihariye ifitiye akamaro igihugu. Kuba byibuka neza intumwa z’ ibihugu zinyuranye nk’ u Burundi, Uganda n’ ahandi zasuye u Rwanda kureba uko iyo gahunda yakozwe ngo nabyo bibashe kubikora. Muri ibyo bihugu nta makuru ahari y’ uko byashyizwe mu bikorwa bishoboke ko byakomwe mu nkokora n’ abatemeraga kwikuraho inyungu.
Iyo usesenguye neza usanga izi gahunda zagezweho zari zigamije iterambere ry’ ubukungu no kugihindura imbereho myiza y’ abaturage kuko imari yashyirwaga mbere muri izo gahunda yashyizwe mu zindi gahunda ( budget lines) ku buryo hari ibyakemuwe muri ubwo buryo. Ushobora kutabyumva kimwe natwe, ni uburenganzira bwawe, ariko burya hari ibimenyetso biranga ubukungu, utapfa kurebera ku muntu cyangwa ku rugo ariko warebera mu buryo bwagutse bw’ igihugu.
Mu kiganiro n’ itangazamakuru, umunyamakuru yigeze kubaza minisitiri w’ imari ati " Ariko iyo mibare muhora muduha y’uko ubukungu bwazamutse buri gihembwe na buri mwaka kandi abaturage bataka inzara, ubukene n’ ibindi, aho iryo zamuka ryakwizerwa? Ibyo umunyamakuru yabazaga ntibyari kure y’ukuri kuko umuturage we icyo areba ari ukubona yabashije gushyira inkono ku ziko mu gihe inzobere mu by’ ubukungu zibirebera mu ndorerwamo rusange y’ igihugu hamwe hakorwa imibare ireba umusaruro wabonetse, ibyoherejwe mu mahanga n’ ibyinjiye mu gihugu, uko imari yabonetse yakoreshejwe n’ indi mibare ihanitse utapfa kurebera ku ziko no ku nkono.
Ibi bintu bitatu u Rwanda rwagezeho byavuzwe hejuru nta kabuza byagize ingaruka nziza ku bukungu rusange bw’ igihugu ari nayo mpamvu hamwe n’ izindi ngamba zafashwe byatumye habaho impinduka zigaragara zahinduye, mu buryo bwiza, isura y’ igihugu. Iyo ukurikiye abakurikiranira hafi politiki y’ u Rwanda usanga bahuriza ku kintu cyo kuba mu rwego rw’ ubukungu hari intambwe igenda iterwa ugereranije n’ ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’ amajyambere cyane cyane ibyo ku mugabane wa Afurika cyangwa ibikiva mu ntambara.
N’ubwo ariko abo bashima iterambere mu by’ ubukungu ku ruhande rumwe bagaragaza ku rundi ruhande ko hari ibigikwiriye kunozwa nk’ ubwinyagamburiro mu bya politiki, kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwisanzure bw’ itangazamakuru n’ ibindi byose u Rwanda rutahwemye guhakana ruvuga ko rubyubahiriza uko byakabaye.
Birashoboka ko hari byinshi u Rwanda rwagezeho tutakomojeho, tuzagenda tuvugaho uko bizashoboka. Nta gutakaza icyizere kuko urugendo ari rurerure urebye iyo u Rwanda rwavuye naho rugeze ubu byerekana ko ejo harwo ari heza mu gihe gusa habayeho ubushake mu bya politiki kuko ariyo iyobora byose.
Tanga igitekerezo